LECTURERS and PROGRAMME
-
Caterina Di MAIO - Universita della Basilicatá, Italia
Physico-chemical coupling in clays: experimental results.
- Intrinsic properties of pure clays;
- Residual shear strength;
- Mechanically induced compression;
- Mechanically induced swelling;
- Chemically induced consolidation and swelling;
- Influence of physicochemical processes on slope stability
-
Jacques HUYGHE - Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
Swelling of cartilage and intervertebral disc: implications for prostheses
- Finite deformation of charged porous media;
- The skin : a saturated porous medium in contact with air - model versus experiment;
- Multiporosity models of charged porous media : theory and experiment;
- Electromechanical coupling : experimental approaches;
- Design of an intervertebral disc prosthesis;
- The cell: a multiporosity factory.
-
Benjamin LORET - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, France
Elastic-plastic constitutive equations for expansive clays
- Basics of the theory of fluid-saturated porous media; Poroelasticity;
- The global picture: deformation, transfer(chemical reaction) and diffusion;
- Material behaviours of geomaterials: (hyper-)elasticity and elasto-plasticity ;
- Chemo-mechanical coupling of homoionic expansive clays;
- Electro-chemo-mechanical couplings of heteroionic expansive clays;
- Finite element solutions including deformation, transfer, diffusion and advection.
-
John D. SHERWOOD - Schlumberger Cambridge Research, UK
Swelling in petroleum engineering
- The drilling process: Drilling fluids (Oil based, Water based) ;
- Borehole stability - mud weight; Drilling fluid formation;
- Compaction of clay filtercakes;
- Wellbore stability: Shale, Donnan equilibrium, Chemomechanical Biot theory;
- Transport in clay/shale: Reflection coefficients, Ion exchange;
- Laboratory tests: Wellbore simulators, Swelling cells; Choice and preparation of samples
-
Neal SKIPPER - University College, London, UK
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Pore Fluids
- Molecular modelling of fluids;
- Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics techniques;
- Interaction potentials;
- The structure and dynamics of pore fluids;
- Pore liquid composition in swelling materials.
-
Thomas WALLMERSPERGER- ISD, Universität Stuttgart, Deutschland
Polyelectrolyte Gels: Modelling and Simulation
- Adaptive materials: Electroactive polymers
overview adaptive materials, electroactive polymers, applications
- Polyelectrolyte gels: Theoretical and experimental investigations
chemical stimulation (pH, salt concemtration), statistical theory,
Donnan potential, osmotic pressure
- Coupled chemo-electro(-mechanical) multi-field formulation
derivation of different field equations:
chemical field, electrical field, mechanical field, chemo-electrical coupling
- Discretization and numerical simulation of gel swelling and bending
stabilized space-time finite elements for PDEs of first and second
order in time, numerical simulation
| Back to top|
PURPOSE
The objective of the course is to gather a floor of experimentalists, modelers and engineers interested
in different
physical, chemical, mechanical and transport aspects of
biological tissues and chemically active geological materials, mainly clays and shales.
The focus will be on the couplings between the electro-chemical and the mechanical aspects
involved in swelling and chemical consolidation.
Particular emphasis will be laid on the influence of these phenomena on the mechanical properties and
on the transport properties, with a view towards engineering applications, such as
slope stability of chemically active clays;
use of clays as barriers to store municipal and nuclear wastes,
and
understanding the behaviour of native cornea, articular cartilage and intervertebral disc,
analysis of pathologies, of natural and artificial repairs, consequences of surgery;
development of adequate prostheses.
The mechanical behaviour of swelling tissues and clays is affected by a variety of
physical and chemical phenomena occurring at different scales.
These are for clays: nano-scale behaviour of water and ions in the interplatelet space,
micro-structure evolution of clusters, free water and its solutes, and air,
and finally, macroscopic behaviour of a continuum of the multiphase materials.
There are many similarities between the swelling of clays and of biological tissues:
in both cases, electro-chemo-mechanical couplings are keys to the phenomena involved .
In clays, water is adsorbed to and desorbed from negatively charged clay platelets,
which act as anion repulsors.
In articular cartilage and cornea, the negatively charged proteoglycans are responsible
for maintaining the tissue hydrated and inflated; the mechanical response involves also different kinds of water.
The exchange of ions is a strongly regulated process, and,
in the cornea, onic pumps spend a great deal of energy in living bodies to maintain physiological concentrations.
| Back to top|
OBJECTIVES
Applications in geo-environmental and geotechnical technology, including
nuclear and hazardous waste isolation,
oil recovery,
engineering geology,
geo-chemistry,
hydrology,
and in many others uses of clays will be addressed directly or implied.
Analysis and control of
long term effects of surgery and
mechanical performance of prostheses
may benefit from the modeling of irreversibilities that are of utmost importance in geological materials.
On the other hand, understanding the self-regulation mechanisms of biological tissues
may be helpful in the design of efficient engineering materials.
| Back to top|
ATTENDANCE
The course is multidisciplinary.
Lectures are of diverse types:
laboratory and field experiments,
constitutive modeling at micro- and macro-scales,
computational methods at nano- and macro-scales.
The course is intended mainly to Ph'D students, researchers and engineers
- in geomechanics with interest in soil remediation, environmental problems, modeling,
laboratory testing and field investigation,
- in petroleum engineering with interest in wellbore stability;
- in biomechanics with interest in tissue engineering, articular cartilage and cornea,
prosthesis design and mechanical aspects of surgery,
- in physics and nano-scale computations of fluid-solid interactions in capillaries of porous media
(clays, biological media).
| Back to top|
PRELIMINARY SUGGESTED READINGS
- C. di Maio (1996) - Exposure of bentonite to salt solution: osmotic and mechanical effects. Géotechnique, vol XLIII, n. 3, 1 - 13.
- C. di Maio (1996) - The influence of pore fluid composition on the residual shear strength of some natural clayey soils. VII International Symposium on Landslides, vol. II, 1189 -1194.
- C. di Maio (1998). Discussion on Exposure of bentonite to salt solution: osmotic and mechanical effects. Géotechnique, 48, No. 3, 433 - 436.
- C. di Maio (2001) - Swelling pressure of clayey soils: the influence of stress state and pore liquid composition. Italian Geotechnical Journal, XXXV, n. 3, 24 - 36.
“Historical” material relative to experimental results on chemo-mechanical coupling in clay:
- I. Rosenqvist (1966). The Norwegian research into the properties of quick clay - a review. Eng. Geol. , vol. I, 445 -450.
- T.C. Kenney (1967) - The influence of mineralogical composition on the residual strength of natural soils. Proc. Geotech. Conf. on Shear Properties of Natural Soils and Rocks, Oslo, vol.I, 123-129.
- A. Sridharan. (1991) - Engineering behaviour of fine grained soils. Indian Geotechnical Journal, vol. XXI, n. 1, 1-136.
- Chemo-mechanical coupling in clays: from nano-scale to engineering applications,
C. di Maio, Th. Hueckel and B. Loret eds., Balkema, 2002, Lisse.
- J.M. Huyghe, J.D. Janssen Thermo-chemo-electro-mechanical formulation of
saturated charged porous solids. Transport in Porous Media, 34: 129-141 (1999)
- Y. Lanir, Seybold J., Schneiderman R., Huyghe J.M. Partition and diffusion of
sodium ions in soft charged foam : the effect of external salt concentration
and mechanical deformation. Tissue Engineering 4 : 365-377 (1999)
- J.M. Huyghe Intra-extrafibrillar mixture formulation of soft charged hydrated
tissues. J. Theor. and Applied Mechanics 37: 519-539 (1999)
- B. Loret, Th. Hueckel, A. Gajo (2002), Chemo-mechanical coupling in saturated porous media: elastic-plastic behaviour of homoionic expansive clays, Int. J. Solids Structures,
39, 2773-2806.
- A. Gajo, B. Loret, Th. Hueckel (2002), Electro-chemo-mechanical couplings in saturated porous media: elastic-plastic behaviour of heteroionic expansive clays, Int. J. Solids Structures, 39, 4327-4362.
- A. Gajo and B. Loret(2003), Finite element simulations of chemo-mechanical coupling
in elastic-plastic homoionic expansive clays.
Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, to appear.
- J.D. Sherwood, Biot poroelasticity of a chemically active shale. Proc. R. Soc. Lond A 440 (1993) 365-377.
- J.D. Sherwood & L. Bailey,
Swelling of shale around a cylindrical wellbore.
Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 444 (1994) 161-184.
- J.D. Sherwood and B. Craster,
Transport of water and ions through a clay membrane.
J. Colloid Interface Sci. 230 (2000) 349-358.
Some additional material suggested by J.D. Sherwood :
- J Cook, G Goldsmith, T Geehan, A Audibert, M-T Bieber and J Lecourtier
Mud/shale interaction: model wellbore studies using x-ray tomography
SPE paper 25729 - Proceedings of the 1993 SPE/IADC Drilling Conference,
Amsterdam, The Netherlands, February 23-25, 1993, 491-500.
- W.K. Heidug & S.-W. Wong,
Hydration swelling of water-absorbing rocks: a constitutive model.
Int. J. Numerical Analytical Methods Geomech. 20 (1996) 403-430.
- F. Helfferich
Ion Exchange
McGraw Hill 1962
- M.A. Malusis & C.D. Shackelford,
Chemico-Osmotic efficiency of a geosynthetic clay liner.
J. Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental engineering,
128 (2002) 97-106.
- Skipper N.T., Computer simulation of aqueous pore fluids in 2:1 clays. Min. Mag. 62, 657-667 (1998).
| Back to top|
COURSE MATERIAL
Lecture notes are available before the graduate course to registred participants
(about 10 pages per hour of lecture).
| Back to top|
QUESTIONS ?
For accommodation (list of hotels, rates ...) and travel,
consult the Cism web site
or send an email to Cism secretariat
cism@cism.it
For questions related to the scientific content of the graduate school, mail to:
Benjamin Loret
Benjamin.Loret@inpg.fr
Jacques M. Huyghe
J.M.R.Huyghe@tue.nl
| Back to top|
Mise à jour / Last update: 31/10/2002.
|
|